Other properties of the corrugated pipe produced by the Krah machine

In addition, the bellows can also be used as a sealing isolation element to separate the two media or prevent harmful fluids from entering the measuring part of the device. It can also be used as a compensating element to compensate for the temperature error of the instrument using the variability of its volume. Sometimes it is also used as an elastic joint of two parts.

Here is the content list:

l The hardness of the corrugated pipe produced by the Krah machine

l Stiffness calculation of metal bellows produced by Krah machine

l Stress calculation of bellows

The hardness of the corrugated pipe produced by the Krah machine

The load value required to make the metal bellows or other elastic elements of the Krah machine produce a unit displacement is called the stiffness of the element, which is generally represented by "K". If the elastic properties of the components of the Krah machine are non-linear, the stiffness is no longer constant, but changes with the increase of the load. For general engineering Krah machine bellows-like elastic elements, the stiffness tolerance can be limited to +/-50%. The stiffness of the Krah machine's bellows is divided into axial stiffness, bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, etc. according to the nature of load and displacement. In the application of the Krah machine's bellows, most of the Krah machine's bellows are subjected to axial load, and the displacement method is linear displacement.

Stiffness calculation of metal bellows produced by Krah machine

In the process of use, the Krah machine requires greater rigidity, and the rigidity of the metal bellows itself is small, you can consider configuring the cylindrical coil spring in the inner cavity or outside of the Krah machine bellows. This not only improves the stiffness of the Krah machine's bellows elastic system but also greatly reduces the Krah machine's bellows error caused by hysteresis. The elastic performance of the Krah machine's bellows elastic system mainly depends on the characteristics of the spring and the stability of the Krah machine's bellows effective area.

Stress calculation of bellows

As an elastic sealing part, the bellows of the Krah machine must first meet the strength condition, that is, the maximum stress does not exceed the allowable stress under the given conditions. The allowable stress of the Krah machine bellows can be obtained by dividing the ultimate stress by the safety factor. According to the working conditions of the Krah machine bellows and its use requirements, the ultimate stress can be the yield strength of the Krah machine bellows. The critical stress or fatigue strength of the Krah machine bellows when it is unstable.The maximum working stress of the Krah machine bellows must analyze the stress distribution in the wall of the Krah machine bellows. The stress on the Krah machine bellows is caused by the pressure in the system and the deformation of the Krah machine bellows.Ring (circumferential) stresses are generated on the Krah machine bellows, and radial film and bending stresses are generated at the sidewalls, troughs, and crests of the Krah machine bellows. The thin shell of the Krah machine bellows that cannot resist bending is sometimes called thin film. The stress calculated ignoring the bending of the Krah machine bellows is called thin-film stress. The Krah machine generates radial film stress and bending stress when deformed. When Krah machine bellows are working, some Krah machine bellows bear internal pressure, and some Krah machine bellows bear external pressure, such as corrugated expansion joints and metal hoses. In most cases, the Krah machine bellows bear internal pressure. Krah machine bellows used for valve stem sealing generally bear external pressure. Here we mainly analyze the stress when the Krah machine bellows bear internal pressure. Krah machine bellows can withstand external pressure generally higher than internal pressure.

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